Constipation in Children

Constipation is a common problem in children, and it refers to difficulty in passing stools or infrequent bowel movements. Here are some key points about constipation in children:

Symptoms : The symptoms of constipation in children may vary, but they often include infrequent bowel movements (less than three times per week), hard and dry stools, pain or discomfort during bowel movements, abdominal pain, bloating, loss of appetite, and sometimes, soiling (encopresis) due to stool accumulation.

Causes : Constipation in children can have various causes. It may be due to dietary factors, such as a lack of fibre, inadequate fluid intake, or excessive consumption of constipating/junk foods (e.g., processed foods, dairy products). Other common causes include changes in routine or diet, inadequate toilet training, incomplete evacuation of stools, certain medical/surgical conditions (e.g., hypothyroidism, Hirschsprung’s disease), or side effects of medications.

Treatment and management : The treatment of constipation in children usually involves a combination of dietary and lifestyle changes. Encouraging a high-fibre diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes can help soften the stools and promote regular bowel movements. Adequate fluid intake, especially water, is also important. Establishing a regular toilet routine, including scheduled bathroom breaks and ample time for complete evacuation, can be helpful. In some cases, the doctor may recommend a stool softener or laxative for a short period to relieve constipation. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for guidance on appropriate treatment options for your child.

Prevention : To prevent constipation in children, it is important to promote healthy bowel habits. This includes maintaining a balanced diet rich in fibre, encouraging regular physical activity, ensuring adequate hydration, and establishing a consistent toilet routine. If your child is transitioning to solid foods, gradually introducing fibre-rich foods can help prevent constipation. Avoiding excessive consumption of constipating foods like processed snacks and providing a supportive and relaxed bathroom environment can also be beneficial.

When to seek medical advice : If your child is having any complaints of difficulty in passing stools, passing hard stools or having pain and bleeding during passing stools, you should seek an expert opinion. A paediatric surgeon can evaluate the situation, identify any underlying causes, and provide appropriate treatment or further investigation if needed.

The approach to constipation in a child can vary according to severity of symptoms and age of the child. A paediatric surgeon/paediatrician is the best doctor to evaluate the symptoms in your child.